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Basic Formulas of Profit and Loss (Simple and Easy)

To solve all Profit and Loss questions easily, remember these few key points:

  1. Profit or Gain:
    Profit = Selling Price (SP) − Cost Price (CP)

  2. Loss:
    Loss = Cost Price (CP) − Selling Price (SP)

  3. Profit Percentage:
    Profit % = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

  4. Loss Percentage:
    Loss % = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100

  5. Selling Price (SP):

    • If there is profit → SP = CP × (100 + Profit %) ÷ 100

    • If there is loss → SP = CP × (100 − Loss %) ÷ 100

  6. Cost Price (CP):

    • From SP and Profit % → CP = SP × 100 ÷ (100 + Profit %)

    • From SP and Loss % → CP = SP × 100 ÷ (100 − Loss %)

  7. Discount:
    Discount = Marked Price (MP) − Selling Price (SP)

  8. Selling Price after Discount:
    SP = MP × (100 − Discount %) ÷ 100

These are the only formulas students need to remember to solve any question in Profit and Loss — just use the right one depending on whether there is profit, loss, or discount.

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